2012-04-08
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作者:alsong
Basilica Santa Maria Assunta
个人编纂,未经允许,禁止转载
所有引用图片均标明出处,无标注图片为本人拍摄
原文地址见http://veniceweddingphoto.com/wordpress/?p=376
在威尼斯两年多,却第一次踏上这个岛,很惭愧。我无法用语言形容它的美。
Torcello Island (www.jssgallery.org)Torcello岛鸟瞰,位于威尼斯主岛东北部,离彩色岛Burano,5分钟的船行距离。去彩色岛的朋友,不防顺便去一下Torcello岛。岛上有威尼斯最古老的大教堂basilica,始建于7世纪。连着一个小教堂。有3家餐馆,少量建筑。大片的地都是农田,草坪,很生态。大教堂门口的小摊,有几十种明信片卖,0.2欧一张,是我在威尼斯遇到的最便宜的了。
Torcello (route 9 from Burano, about 1.5 hour from San Mark)
从彩色岛转9路,直达torcello。
Torcello was one of the first lagoon islands which was successively populated by those mainlanders escaping invading barbarians around the 5th century---nearly 500 years before Venice itself became a republic. It was the most important settlement in the lagoon area before Venice's risen. Now there're only 20 inhabitants, but it's said around the 14th century it reached a population of 20,000 people. Today here stands the lagoon's oldest cathedral dating from 639, the Basilica of Santa Maria Assunta. Seeinwikipedia
Basilica of Santa Maria Assunta, Cathedral of Torcello威尼斯最古老的巴西利卡大教堂,比威尼斯共和国成立还早500多年。门票5欧。
This basilica dedicated to Santa Maria Assunta, was founded as the episcopal seat in 639 under Emperpr Heraclius by order of Isaac, exarch of Ravenna, then later substantially modified in the 9th and 11th centuries. Due to the isolation of the locaton, the structure enjoys a remarkable state of preservation with its' Veneto-Byzantine flavor.
Front view 正立面
Torcello Cathedral (based on A. Niero, The basilica of Torcello and Santa Fosca, Venice, n.d., p. II)
大教堂平面图,典型的巴西利卡式。
Typical basilica plan, late Roman style, with 3 aisles, punctuated by marble columns now.
The original plan was a simple trple-naved rectangular space withe a single apse at the east end, which supports basilicas of this type already existed in the upper Adriatic region.
The ruins precede the front of the basilica is the narthex to which was once annexed the 7th century baptistry
正立面前的废墟,是7世纪建的小洗礼堂,现已毁,只剩残余柱础和轮廓。
Basilica of Santa Maria Assunta and Church of Santa Fosca
The massive brick exterior is decorated only by concentric layers of brickwork around the windows and blind arches.
外立面砖墙装饰很简洁,在窗边上做的盲拱。
不同年代的加建改造痕迹,用了不规则的柱式。
此处的屋顶结构很像中国古建筑的木梁,飞椽,牛角雕花。
教堂内最重要的艺术成就是拜占庭时期的马赛克,在教堂内部的前壁龛,和后壁的整幅墙面。
The most important artistical element of the cathedral is a series of mosaics of Byzantine-Ravennate school on the front wall.
此图为:最后的审判
Last Judgement (www.allmercifulsavior.com)
室内
Torcello Cathedral, interior (from Deborah Howard, The Architectural History of Venice)
Inside the cathedral the fine marble columns, the delicately carved capitals and the exquisite mosaics, contrasting sharply with rugged exterior, are reminiscent of the Ravennate antecedents.
In 1008, Bishop Orso Orseolo (later doge) launched a rebuild formed the most of the present aspect of this building. The floor was raised and a new mosaic pavement begun, with clerestory windows added on the south side. Today one part of the former floor with a different pavement style can still be seen inside the building.
室内前端宣讲座的半圆形凹龛
The bishop's throne and the mosaic figure, Mary Mother of God.
大教堂边上用柱廊相连的是小教堂Church of Santa Fosca
This Church was built to house the body of the early Christian martyr of the same time, before 1011 and as a martyrium adjacent to the basilica. The church was essentially a place for pilgrimage and meditation, served a very different function from the basilica.
front view
小教堂,八边形平面,5面有柱廊。此小教堂免费。
Santa Fosca, Torcello, plan (from L. Cicognara, A.Diedo and G. Selva, Le fabbriche e i monumenti cospicue di Venezia, I, Venice, 1838)
Also the centralized structure was inherited from the Romans, the form of a Greek cross inscribed within an octagon reflects the influence from Byzantine architecture of the 11th century.
外柱廊据资料猜测是12世纪加建。
The portico surrounds most sides of the church is probably a twelfth-century addition.
Small cornice over the column in the interior of Sta. Fosca.
Base and capital from this church. (from www.quondam.com)
教堂背立面
back view
The only external decoration of the church is the outside apse which is decorated with elaborate patterns in the brickwork. This dog-tooth pattern was a common ornament on early Veneto-Byzantine churches. The combination of the rich red color of the brickwork and the crisp white marble detailing have provided an element of warmth for the early Venetians in their bleak, inhospitable environment. This combination of red and white was also long to be a favorite color theme in Venetian architecture.