2017-05-03
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作者：琳姨
科英布拉（Coimbra）科英布拉位于蒙德古河北岸的丘陵地上，是葡萄牙中部的一个城市，科英布拉大区的首都。1139-1260年曾是葡萄牙的首都，后为里斯本取代，其地位仅次于首都里斯本和北部重镇波尔图。科英布拉是一座极具魅力的城市，市内有古罗马神殿的地下走廊，有罗马式和巴罗克式教堂，有13至17世纪石桥，有众多图书馆和博物馆，更有赫赫有名的科英布拉大学。2013年，科英布拉-阿尔塔和索非亚大学（University of Coimbra - Alta and Sofia）列入世界文化遗产。世界遗产委员会评价：坐落在一座俯瞰城市的小山上，科英布拉大学及其学院在这个古老的城镇里发展和演变了超过七个世纪。 著名的大学建筑包括12世纪的圣克鲁斯大教堂和一些16世纪的学院，自1537年以来就是大学所在地的阿尔克奥瓦皇家宫殿，装饰着丰富巴洛克风格的乔宁图书馆，18世纪的植物园和大学出版社，以及1940年代创建的大型“大学城”。该大学的建筑物成为葡语世界其他高等教育机构发展的参考，它也对学习和文学产生了重大影响。 科英布拉提供了一个具有特定城市类型以及其自身的仪式和文化传统，历史悠久的一体化大学城的杰出例子。Situated on a hill overlooking the city, the University of Coimbra with its colleges grew and evolved over more than seven centuries within the old town. Notable university buildings include the 12th century Cathedral of Santa Cruz and a number of 16th century colleges, the Royal Palace of Alcáçova, which has housed the University since 1537, the Joanine Library with its rich baroque decor, the 18th century Botanical Garden and University Press, as well as the large “University City” created during the 1940s. The University’s edifices became a reference in the development of other institutions of higher education in the Portuguese-speaking world where it also exerted a major influence on learning and literature. Coimbra offers an outstanding example of an integrated university city with a specific urban typology as well as its own ceremonial and cultural traditions that have been kept alive through the ages.
