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印度的世遗

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截止2016年12月，印度共有世界文化遗产27处，世界自然遗产7处，自然文化双重遗产1处。昌迪加爾的柯布西耶现代建筑因为属于多国联合申遗，故不纳入列表。所有信息信息摘自http://whc.unesco.org/

标签： 世遗 印度 UNESCO

• 1 阿格拉堡

  印度阿格拉 查看目的地详情>>

  

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  1983
  阿格拉古堡
  与泰姬花园毗邻的红色阿格拉古堡，是16世纪重要的莫卧儿王朝纪念建筑。它是由红沙石建成的坚固堡垒，围墙长2.5公里，把莫卧儿统治者的皇宫围在中间。古堡里有许多宛如童话故事一样的宫殿，如沙贾汗修建的贾汗吉尔宫或称卡斯宫，有迪凡-伊-卡斯会客厅和两座非常秀丽的清真寺。
  Agra Fort
  Near the gardens of the Taj Mahal stands the important 16th-century Mughal monument known as the Red Fort of Agra. This powerful fortress of red sandstone encompasses, within its 2.5-km-long enclosure walls, the imperial city of the Mughal rulers. It comprises many fairy-tale palaces, such as the Jahangir Palace and the Khas Mahal, built by Shah Jahan; audience halls, such as the Diwan-i-Khas; and two very beautiful mosques.

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• 2 阿旃陀石窟

  印度阿旃陀 查看目的地详情>>

  

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  1983
  阿旃陀石窟群
  阿旃陀最初的佛教石窟始建于公元前2世纪至公元前1世纪。公元5世纪至6世纪的笈多时期，更多精心修饰的石窟又被添加到原有的石窟群中。阿旃陀石窟的绘画和雕塑，是佛教艺术的经典之作，具有相当重要的艺术影响力。
  Ajanta Caves
  The first Buddhist cave monuments at Ajanta date from the 2nd and 1st centuries B.C. During the Gupta period (5th and 6th centuries A.D.), many more richly decorated caves were added to the original group. The paintings and sculptures of Ajanta, considered masterpieces of Buddhist religious art, have had a considerable artistic influence.

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• 3 埃洛拉石窟群

  印度纳西克 查看目的地详情>>

  

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  1983
  埃洛拉石窟群
  埃洛拉石窟群位于马哈拉施特拉邦(Maharashtra)，离奥兰加巴德不远。高高的陡峭玄武岩壁上，34座洞穴庙宇被开凿出来，一座挨一座，延伸2000多米。这些保存完好、排列有序的遗迹可追溯到公元600年至1000年，它们生动完好地再现了古印度文明。埃洛拉石窟群不仅艺术造型独特，技术水准高超，而且作为佛教、婆罗门教和耆那教的圣殿，它们是古代印度容忍、宽恕特性的精神体现。
  Ellora Caves
  These 34 monasteries and temples, extending over more than 2 km, were dug side by side in the wall of a high basalt cliff, not far from Aurangabad, in Maharashtra. Ellora, with its uninterrupted sequence of monuments dating from A.D. 600 to 1000, brings the civilization of ancient India to life. Not only is the Ellora complex a unique artistic creation and a technological exploit but, with its sanctuaries devoted to Buddhism, Hinduism and Jainism, it illustrates the spirit of tolerance that was characteristic of ancient India.

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• 4 默哈伯利布勒姆古迹群

  印度泰米尔纳德邦 查看目的地详情>>

  

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  1984
  默哈伯利布勒姆古迹群
  默哈伯利布勒姆古迹群是7世纪至8世纪期间，帕那瓦国王们沿着科罗曼德尔海岸开辟岩石而建的。其中特别著名的有：拉特（战车形式的庙宇）、曼荼罗（岩洞寺庙）、名为“恒河的起源”的巨大露天浮雕以及里瓦治寺院（寺内有数以千计的关于湿婆神的雕像）。
  Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram
  This group of sanctuaries, founded by the Pallava kings, was carved out of rock along the Coromandel coast in the 7th and 8th centuries. It is known especially for its rathas (temples in the form of chariots), mandapas (cave sanctuaries), giant open-air reliefs such as the famous 'Descent of the Ganges', and the temple of Rivage, with thousands of sculptures to the glory of Shiva.

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• 5 科纳拉克太阳神庙

  印度普里 查看目的地详情>>

  

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  1984
  科纳拉克太阳神庙
  科纳拉克太阳神庙位于孟加拉湾沿岸，沐浴着冉冉升起的太阳。神庙依照太阳神苏利耶驾驶战车的样子建造。24个车轮饰有字符图案，6匹马拉着战车。这座神庙建于13世纪，是印度最著名的婆罗门庙宇之一。
  Sun Temple, Konârak
  On the shores of the Bay of Bengal, bathed in the rays of the rising sun, the temple at Konarak is a monumental representation of the sun god Surya's chariot; its 24 wheels are decorated with symbolic designs and it is led by a team of six horses. Built in the 13th century, it is one of India's most famous Brahman sanctuaries.

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• 6 加济兰加国家公园

  印度阿萨姆邦 查看目的地详情>>

  

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  1985 自然遗产 http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/337
  卡齐兰加国家公园
  卡齐兰加国家公园位于印度阿萨姆邦中心地带，是印度东部最后一批没有人类活动骚扰的地区之一。这个公园里生活着世界上最大种群、最多数量的独角犀牛，还有许多其他哺乳动物，包括老虎、大象、豹、熊和数以千计的鸟类。
  Kaziranga National Park
  In the heart of Assam, this park is one of the last areas in eastern India undisturbed by a human presence. It is inhabited by the world's largest population of one-horned rhinoceroses, as well as many mammals, including tigers, elephants, panthers and bears, and thousands of birds.

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• 7 凯奥拉德奥国家公园

  印度婆罗多布尔 查看目的地详情>>

  

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  1985 自然遗产 http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/340
  凯奥拉德奥国家公园
  凯奥拉德奥国家公园位于默哈拉杰。以前这里是猎鸭地区，现在是大批水禽鸟类冬季栖息的重要地区。这些水禽来自阿富汗、土库曼斯坦、中国和西伯利亚。364种鸟在公园里已经记录在册，其中包括稀有的西伯利亚鹤。
  Keoladeo National Park
  This former duck-hunting reserve of the Maharajas is one of the major wintering areas for large numbers of aquatic birds from Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, China and Siberia. Some 364 species of birds, including the rare Siberian crane, have been recorded in the park.

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• 8 马纳斯野生动植物保护区

  印度阿萨姆邦 查看目的地详情>>

  推荐星级 3条点评>>

  1985 自然遗产
  马纳斯野生动植物保护区
  马纳斯野生动植物保护区位于喜马拉雅山脚下一个平缓的斜坡上，这里由一片冲积草原和热带森林构成，是许多野生动物的家园。保护区内生活着许多濒危物种，如老虎、小矮猪、印度犀牛和印度象。
  Manas Wildlife Sanctuary
  On a gentle slope in the foothills of the Himalayas, where wooded hills give way to alluvial grasslands and tropical forests, the Manas sanctuary is home to a great variety of wildlife, including many endangered species, such as the tiger, pygmy hog, Indian rhinoceros and Indian elephant.

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• 9 果阿旧城

  印度果阿 查看目的地详情>>

  

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  1986
  果阿的教堂和修道院
  果阿是葡萄牙占领印度时期的首都。那里的教堂和修道院，特别是存有圣弗朗西斯-伊格赛维亚(St Francis-Xavier)棺木的鲍姆耶酥教堂，是在亚洲传播基督福音的历史证明。这些建筑对于在所有亚洲的传教国家里传播曼奴埃尔式、曼纳瑞斯式和巴洛克式建筑风格起了很大的影响作用。
  Churches and Convents of Goa
  The churches and convents of Goa, the former capital of the Portuguese Indies – particularly the Church of Bom Jesus, which contains the tomb of St Francis-Xavier – illustrate the evangelization of Asia. These monuments were influential in spreading forms of Manueline, Mannerist and Baroque art in all the countries of Asia where missions were established.

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• 10 法塔赫布尔西格里

  印度阿格拉 查看目的地详情>>

  

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  1986
  法塔赫布尔西格里
  法塔赫布尔西格里（胜利之城），由阿克巴皇帝(Emperor Akbar)于16世纪后半期而建，它作为莫卧儿王国的首都只有约十年的历史。城中的整体建筑和寺庙都遵循统一的建筑风格，其中包括印度最大的清真寺渣墨清真寺(Jama Masjid)。
  Fatehpur Sikri
  Built during the second half of the 16th century by the Emperor Akbar, Fatehpur Sikri (the City of Victory) was the capital of the Mughal Empire for only some 10 years. The complex of monuments and temples, all in a uniform architectural style, includes one of the largest mosques in India, the Jama Masjid.

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• 11 汉皮古迹群

  印度卡纳塔克邦 查看目的地详情>>

  推荐星级 8条点评>>

  1986
  汉皮古迹群
  宏伟庄严的汉皮遗址是印度最后一个王朝查耶那加尔帝国最后的首都。14世纪至16世纪期间，富可敌国的王子们建造许多德拉威庙宇和富丽堂皇的宫殿，它们至今仍吸引着世界各地的旅行者。1565年亨比被穆斯林攻占，抢掠达6个月之久，最终城市被洗劫一空，毁于一旦。
  Group of Monuments at Hampi
  The austere, grandiose site of Hampi was the last capital of the last great Hindu Kingdom of Vijayanagar. Its fabulously rich princes built Dravidian temples and palaces which won the admiration of travellers between the 14th and 16th centuries. Conquered by the Deccan Muslim confederacy in 1565, the city was pillaged over a period of six months before being abandoned.

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• 12 Khajuraho Palace zum Inder

  印度大吉岭 查看目的地详情>>

  推荐星级 1条点评>>

  1986
  卡杰拉霍建筑群
  卡杰拉霍庙宇群建于章德拉王朝，其于公元950年至1050年间达到统治的鼎盛时期。目前仅存有约20座庙宇，它们分为三组不同的群体，分属于两个不同的宗教印度教和耆那教。在这里，建筑与雕塑达到了完美的平衡。著名的坎达里亚寺庙饰有大量内容丰富、绚丽多姿的雕塑，是印度艺术中的经典之作。
  Khajuraho Group of Monuments
  The temples at Khajuraho were built during the Chandella dynasty, which reached its apogee between 950 and 1050. Only about 20 temples remain; they fall into three distinct groups and belong to two different religions – Hinduism and Jainism. They strike a perfect balance between architecture and sculpture. The Temple of Kandariya is decorated with a profusion of sculptures that are among the greatest masterpieces of Indian art.

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• 13 象岛

  印度孟买 查看目的地详情>>

  

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  1987
  埃勒凡塔石窟（象岛石窟）
  称为“石窟城”的埃勒凡塔位于阿曼海临近孟买港湾的岛屿上。石窟内集中了大量表现崇拜湿婆神的石雕艺术作品。通过石窟里的那些作品，特别是主洞内高大的浮雕，印度艺术得到了最完美的表现。
  Elephanta Caves
  The 'City of Caves', on an island in the Sea of Oman close to Bombay, contains a collection of rock art linked to the cult of Shiva. Here, Indian art has found one of its most perfect expressions, particularly the huge high reliefs in the main cave.

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• 14 朱罗王朝现存的神庙

  印度泰米尔纳德邦 查看目的地详情>>

  推荐星级 9条点评>>

  2004
  朱罗王朝现存的神庙
  11世纪和12世纪修建的两个朱罗王朝神庙已加入坦贾武尔的布里哈迪斯瓦拉神庙，该神庙建于11世纪，并在1987年列入《世界文化遗产名录》。朱罗王朝现存的神庙由朱罗王朝国王修建，横跨整个南印度地区和临近的岛屿。该遗址现有三个11世纪和12世纪的朱罗王朝神庙：坦贾武尔的布里哈迪斯瓦拉神庙，康凯康达秋里斯瓦拉姆神庙和达拉苏拉姆的艾拉瓦德斯瓦拉神庙。康凯康达秋里斯瓦拉姆神庙于1035年完工，是由拉彦德拉一世修建的。它的53米高的圣塔优雅地呈曲线上升之势，并有多处凹角，与坦贾武尔直立庄严的塔形成鲜明的对比。六对高大坚固的门卫神雕像守护着入口和内部美妙绝伦的铜像。罗阇罗阇二世在达拉苏拉姆修建了艾拉瓦德斯瓦拉神庙建筑群，这里有一个24米高的圣塔和一尊湿婆神的石像。这些神庙见证了朱罗王朝在建筑、雕刻、绘画和铜像铸造方面的辉煌成就。
  Great Living Chola Temples
  The Great Living Chola Temples were built by kings of the Chola Empire, which stretched over all of south India and the neighbouring islands. The site includes three great 11th- and 12th-century Temples: the Brihadisvara Temple at Thanjavur, the Brihadisvara Temple at Gangaikondacholisvaram and the Airavatesvara Temple at Darasuram. The Temple of Gangaikondacholisvaram, built by Rajendra I, was completed in 1035. Its 53-m vimana (sanctum tower) has recessed corners and a graceful upward curving movement, contrasting with the straight and severe tower at Thanjavur. The Airavatesvara temple complex, built by Rajaraja II, at Darasuram features a 24-m vimana and a stone image of Shiva. The temples testify to the brilliant achievements of the Chola in architecture, sculpture, painting and bronze casting.

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• 15 Western Ghats Pharmaceutical (FLORA)

  印度 查看目的地详情>>

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  西高止山脈 2012
  Western Ghats
  Older than the Himalaya mountains, the mountain chain of the Western Ghats represents geomorphic features of immense importance with unique biophysical and ecological processes. The site’s high montane forest ecosystems influence the Indian monsoon weather pattern. Moderating the tropical climate of the region, the site presents one of the best examples of the monsoon system on the planet. It also has an exceptionally high level of biological diversity and endemism and is recognized as one of the world’s eight ‘hottest hotspots’ of biological diversity. The forests of the site include some of the best representatives of non-equatorial tropical evergreen forests anywhere and are home to at least 325 globally threatened flora, fauna, bird, amphibian, reptile and fish species.

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• 16 拉賈斯坦邦的山地要塞

  印度拉贾斯坦邦 查看目的地详情>>

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  2013
  拉賈斯坦邦的山地要塞是一處位於印度拉賈斯坦邦的一處世界文化遺產，共由六處堡壘組成，分別是奇陶爾加爾城堡、琥珀堡、Kumbhalgarh堡、Gagron堡、Ranthambhore堡與賈沙梅爾城堡
  Hill Forts of Rajasthan
  The serial site, situated in the state of Rajastahan, includes six majestic forts in Chittorgarh; Kumbhalgarh; Sawai Madhopur; Jhalawar; Jaipur, and Jaisalmer. The ecclectic architecture of the forts, some up to 20 kilometres in circumference, bears testimony to the power of the Rajput princely states that flourished in the region from the 8th to the 18th centuries. Enclosed within defensive walls are major urban centres, palaces, trading centres and other buildings including temples that often predate the fortifications within which developed an elaborate courtly culture that supported learning, music and the arts. Some of the urban centres enclosed in the fortifications have survived, as have many of the site's temples and other sacred buildings. The forts use the natural defenses offered by the landscape: hills, deserts, rivers, and dense forests. They also feature extensive water harvesting structures, largely still in use today.

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• 17 干城章嘉国家公园

  印度锡金邦 查看目的地详情>>

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  Khangchendzonga National Park
  Located at the heart of the Himalayan range in northern India (State of Sikkim), the Khangchendzonga National Park includes a unique diversity of plains, valleys, lakes, glaciers and spectacular, snow-capped mountains covered with ancient forests, including the world’s third highest peak, Mount Khangchendzonga. Mythological stories are associated with this mountain and with a great number of natural elements (caves, rivers, lakes, etc.) that are the object of worship by the indigenous people of Sikkim. The sacred meanings of these stories and practices have been integrated with Buddhist beliefs and constitute the basis for Sikkimese identity.

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• 18 印度王后阶梯井

  印度印度帕坦 查看目的地详情>>

  

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  Rani-ki-Vav (the Queen’s Stepwell) at Patan, Gujarat
  Rani-ki-Vav, on the banks of the Saraswati River, was initially built as a memorial to a king in the 11th century AD. Stepwells are a distinctive form of subterranean water resource and storage systems on the Indian subcontinent, and have been constructed since the 3rd millennium BC. They evolved over time from what was basically a pit in sandy soil towards elaborate multi-storey works of art and architecture. Rani-ki-Vav was built at the height of craftsmens’ ability in stepwell construction and the Maru-Gurjara architectural style, reflecting mastery of this complex technique and great beauty of detail and proportions. Designed as an inverted temple highlighting the sanctity of water, it is divided into seven levels of stairs with sculptural panels of high artistic quality; more than 500 principle sculptures and over a thousand minor ones combine religious, mythological and secular imagery, often referencing literary works. The fourth level is the deepest and leads into a rectangular tank 9.5 m by 9.4 m, at a depth of 23 m. The well is located at the westernmost end of the property and consists of a shaft 10 m in diameter and 30 m deep.

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• 19 那烂陀寺

  印度王舍城 查看目的地详情>>

  

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  那烂陀寺考古遗址（那烂陀大学），比哈尔邦那烂陀
  那烂陀寺遗址位于印度东北部的巴哈尔邦。遗址由公元前3世纪至公元13世纪存在于此的寺庙和佛学院遗留下的古迹组成，包括窣堵坡（坟冢），舍利塔，寺庙（僧房学舍），以及重要的墙画、石刻、金属器物等艺术作品。那烂陀作为印度次大陆上最古老的大学而引人注目，其作为有序的知识传递场所存续长达800年，发展的历史见证了佛学宗教化的过程，以及寺院和教育传统的繁荣。
  Archaeological Site of Nalanda Mahavihara (Nalanda University) at Nalanda, Bihar
  The Nalanda Mahavihara site is in the State of Bihar, in north-eastern India. It comprises the archaeological remains of a monastic and scholastic institution dating from the 3rd century BCE to the 13th century CE. It includes stupas, shrines, viharas (residential and educational buildings) and important art works in stucco, stone and metal. Nalanda stands out as the most ancient university of the Indian Subcontinent. It engaged in the organized transmission of knowledge over an uninterrupted period of 800 years. The historical development of the site testifies to the development of Buddhism into a religion and the flourishing of monastic and educational traditions.

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• 20 大喜马拉雅国家公园

  印度印度库鲁 查看目的地详情>>

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  2014 自然遺產
  Great Himalayan National Park Conservation Area
  This National Park in the western part of the Himalayan Mountains in the northern Indian state of Himachal Pradesh is characterized by high alpine peaks, alpine meadows and riverine forests. The 90,540 ha property includes the upper mountain glacial and snow meltwater sources of several rivers, and the catchments of water supplies that are vital to millions of downstream users. The GHNPCA protects the monsoon-affected forests and alpine meadows of the Himalayan front ranges. It is part of the Himalaya biodiversity hotspot and includes twenty-five forest types along with a rich assemblage of fauna species, several of which are threatened. This gives the site outstanding significance for biodiversity conservation.

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评论(1条)

• 

  微油男子 2018-12-12 14:58

  能做个线路图就好了

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